CD8A and celiac disease: More than 20 years ago we reported a striking increase of duodenal γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in coeliac disease [9], and a γδ CD8+ IEL subset in such patients has recently been shown to have attributes of regulatory cells – at least partly by secreting TGF-β upon NKG2A– HLA-E interaction with intestinal epithelial cells [10].