APP and Alzheimer disease: In 2002, two different AD transgenic mouse models (double transgenics overexpressing human APP with London mutation V717I and human PS1 with A246E mutation, and single transgenics only overexpressing human APP V717I) were used to demonstrate that intraperitoneal injected, end-protected iAβ5 reduced amyloid plaque formation, neuronal cell death and brain inflammatory processes.