The autophagy-lysosomal pathway, which has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases with protein aggregation-related pathologies, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease [27-30], was impaired in LRRK2-/- kidneys at 20 months of age, as indicated by impaired conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, a reliable indicator of the autophagic activity [31], and accumulation of p62, an autophagy substrate [32]. This evidence concerns the gene LRRK2 and Parkinson disease.