In the multivariate models (Table 2) controlling for the effects of potential confounders on the associations between depression and the examined cytokines, each 1-unit increase in the serum IL-5 levels increased the likelihood of belonging to the MDD group by 76% (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03-2.99, p = 0.038) in Model 1 adjusted for age, gender, marital status, daily smoking, and alcohol use. The gene discussed is IL5; the disease is depressive symptom measurement.