Recently, the number of caveolae and the expression levels of Cav-2, Cav-1, and PTRF/cavin-1 were investigated in normal human prostate stromal, epithelial cells, androgen-dependent (LNCaP), and androgen-independent (PC3) cancer cell lines as well as in tissue obtained from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and well-differentiated and poorly differentiated prostate cancer. The gene discussed is CAV1; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.