However, S100B was also shown to activate p38, ERK1/2 and JNK in Alzheimer's disease (Kim et al., 2004), of which S100B mediated JNK and ERK1/2 activation seems again be dependent on the presence of RAGE (Bianchi et al., 2010). The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.