NGAL levels of patients presenting with AKI were significantly higher than those of patients developing AKI during the observational time period and those not experiencing AKI at all (200.0 ng/ml (115.6 to 240.7) versus 95.6 (60.0 to 133.8) versus 74.4 (60.0 to 112.7), P < 0.001) (Figure 3). Here, LCN2 is linked to acute kidney injury.