The results were similar to those for infection of HSC-F cells by HSC-F-derived SIV (Figure 7B), i.e. CsA treatment of either producer or target cells diminished infectivity of CEM-SS-derived SIV in HSC-F cells, although previous reports showed that the role of virion-associated CypA is minor compared to that of target cell CypA [15,19,25,26,29]. Here, PPIA is linked to infection.