These bases of focusing therapy are being investigated in current trials such as E1697 and E1609 in which the immune responses of patients are being evaluated, as well as the prospective EORTC trial 18081 that will test the benefit of 2 years of pegylated IFN compared to observation in patients with ulcerated stage II primary melanomas ≥1 mm. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is melanoma.