A variety of pathogenic pathways including CD8+ cytolytic T-cell-mediated killing, cytokine exposure, apoptosis caused by fatty acid synthase and fatty acid synthase ligand can lead to immune-mediated destruction of β cells during the onset of T1D [12], suggesting that individual therapeutic strategies targeting one pathway may not be sufficient to cure T1D [13, 14]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.