In this line, studies of CF patients' small intestines have reported an increase in mononuclear cells in the duodenum [33] and the enhancement of luminal albumin, immunoglobulins, eosinophil cationic protein, neutrophil elastase, interleukin-1ß, and interleukin-8 [32] detection. This evidence concerns the gene ELANE and cystic fibrosis.