Also protein synthesis inhibition might cause an altered host cell defence mechanism by reduced or elevated factors of the innate immune system [32], [50] or an altered host stress response [35], [51].Moreover, modification of the non-canonical functions of eEF1A (e.g. influence on the actin cytoskeleton or on subcellular organization [34]), which are are still controversely discussed, might also play an important role in the infection process. The gene discussed is EEF1A1; the disease is infection.