NPSR1 and inflammatory bowel disease: Although sometimes with contradictory results, numerous studies have associated NPSR1 polymorphisms with human conditions such as asthma and related traits, IBD, functional gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and panic disorders.[11], [12], [14]–[27] However, neither the true causative variations, nor the functional mechanisms responsible for their effect on disease risk, have been conclusively identified in any of these studies, and most of the reported associations are with tag SNPs, intronic markers, or their haplotypic combinations.