VCP and non-small cell lung carcinoma: We used NSCLC (A549, H1299, and H1944) and non-neoplastic control (HBE and Beas2b) cells to identify changes in expression levels of VCP, ubiquitin, and tumor associated proteins including tumor suppressor p53 [24], [25], NFκB [16], nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) [26], and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) [27].