For example, the genes encoding nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), interleukin 12a (Il12a), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (Cxcl2), coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor (F2r) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), were significantly upregulated by a factor of ≥eight at 4 h post-infection. Here, XCL2 is linked to infection.