Chronic ethanol exposure impairs fatty acid oxidation and enhances lipogenesis by targeting key transcriptional regulators of genes controlling these metabolic processes, including peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) [2], sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and its downstream genes, such as fatty acid synthase (FAS) [2], resulting in the accumulation of triglyceride in the liver (steatosis). The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is steatosis.