RB1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: This effectively mimics the E2F-inhibitory function of Rb and is expected to prevent expression of E2F targets such as the G1 cyclins and replication factors such as Mcm2. Moreover, so-called "ES Cell Cycle Control" (or ESCC) miRNAs in the miR-290 family stimulate ES cell proliferation by indirectly activating c-Myc and N-Myc, and thus by extension Myc targets, while also blocking p21 translation and inhibiting the Myc inhibitor miRNA let-7 (Gilchrist et al., 2008, 2010; Kumar et al., 2007).