TGFB1 and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: The fibrotic axis was upregulated in the HSV-1 infected cells of IPF patients in comparison to the mock cultures, with higher transcript levels of TGFβ1 (mean±SD, 0.0057±0.001 versus 0.0006±0.0001) and FGF (mean±SD, 0.033±0.066 versus 0.0001±0.0001) (Table 1).