AQP4-IgG antibodies were absent in two patients with NMO (4%), 21 patients with HR-NMO (40%), 31 CIS patients (97%) and all patients with ADEM and MS as well as all controls (CTRL) including patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), other neurological diseases (OND) and healthy individuals (Table 1). The gene discussed is AQP4; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.