Chronic administration of a low dose of sitagliptin was able to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy in this model of obese type 2 diabetes/nephropathy, viewed by significant reduction of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial and vascular kidney lesions, which might be partial due to its benefits on correction of diabetes dysmetabolism (hyperglicaemia, dyslipidaemia, and insulin production/sensitivity), and due to a favorable impact on kidney lipid peroxidation. This evidence concerns the gene INS and urogenital neoplasm.