Conversely, cav-1 is consistently up-regulated in bladder cancer (14), esophageal cancer (15) and prostate carcinomas (16), and this up-regulation has been associated with metastases and poor prognosis in prostate carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (17,18). This evidence concerns the gene CAV1 and urinary bladder carcinoma.