MMP9 and neoplasm: As a result, we identified that four metastasis-related genes were significantly dysregulated (more than 2-fold) after S100A4 silencing, including three downregulated genes [matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), MMP10, and cadherin 11 (CDH11)] and one upregulated gene [tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4)] (Table I), suggesting that S100A4 functions in association with a series of important genes involved in tumor growth and metastasis, instead of the alteration of a single molecule.