NFKB1 and cancer: These results have demonstrated that soy isoflavone supplementation has a protective effect against TNF-α induced NF-κB activation in humans, suggesting that soy isoflavone could exert its cancer chemopreventive activity through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and induction of apoptosis, which is required for elimination of damaged or pre-cancerous cells in order to maintain normal homeostasis (Figure 1).