EGFR and neoplasm: Here we chose the EGFR-associated signaling network mainly due to the following reasons: (1) EGFR is one of the most important oncogenes and implicated in many human tumor types, in particular, lung cancers, head and neck tumors [25], [26]; (2) the EGFR signaling network has been widely studied experimentally and theoretically [27]–[30], implying that many parameters are available in literature that facilitates the model development.