ERBB2 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ: Czerniecki and colleagues established a “rapid DC” protocol in which monocytes were exposed for 2 days to recombinant GM-CSF and IL-4, pulsed with an immunodominant HER-2/neu peptide, and subsequently matured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ before vaccination of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast [15].