TNF and scrub typhus: IL-10 levels were four-fold higher in scrub typhus than in murine typhus patients, suggesting a stronger anti-inflammatory tendency with suppression of other inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (Table 2), especially in bacteraemic patients with scrub typhus, who had significantly higher IL-8 and IL-10 levels and significantly lower PAA levels on admission, in contrast to murine typhus patients, in whom no association between bacteraemia and cytokine levels was noted.