After infection, epithelial cells produce various pro-inflammatory mediators including CCL5, CXCL16, CXCL 10, CXCL 1, IL-1α, IL-8, IL-12, IL-6, GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor), TNF (tumor necrosis factor), and GROa (growth-related oncogene) that induce and augment the cellular inflammatory response thus stimulating direct damage to the tissues and producing an increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecule that helps the attraction of immune cells [5]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is infection.