Jazwa et al [82] also found that Nrf2 and HIF-1α play a crucial role in neuroprotection and suppression of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, especially through the activation of HO-1 via the Nrf2/ARE pathway (for HO-1 see also Idriss et al. [120]). Here, HMOX1 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.