APEX1 and lung carcinoma: Several lines of evidence support that the −656 T > G polymorphism plays a role in influencing the promoter activity of APE1. Using in vitro promoter assay, Lo et al. found that the −656 G allele had a significantly higher transcriptional activity than that of the −656 T allele and individuals with the −656 G allele were at a decreased risk for lung cancer [13].