IFNL3 and chronic hepatitis C virus infection: There have been several reports that activation of ISGs at baseline levels of the liver among IL28B unfavorable carriers is typically observed in patients who respond less favorably to treatment [19], [29]–[31], although Dill et al. [32] reported that IL28B genotype and hepatic expression of ISG are independent predictors of response to treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients.