In vitro studies have shown that 14-3-3 protein interacts with vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in cultured human reactive astrocytes derived from MS demyelinating lesions, and that astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, at the site of demyelinating lesions, show increased immunoreactivity for 14-3-3, suggesting that these cells might be the source of 14-3-3 in the CSF of MS patients [39,40]. This evidence concerns the gene YWHAQ and myeloid sarcoma.