Immunohistochemical detection of beta-catenin (linked to the GnRH pathway) (Salisbury et al, 2008) and IL-23R expression was performed on a tissue microarray of 43 MSS (including 8 matched adenoma samples) and 14 MSI (matched tumour and normal colon epithelium) patient samples. Here, GNRH1 is linked to neoplasm.