HAVCR2 and chlamydia trachomatis infectious disease: Since the double blocking with neutralization antibodies targeting both Tim-3 and PD-L1 has been shown to effectively suppress both Tim-3 and PD-L1 signaling pathways [31,32], the above result suggests that Tim-3- and PD-1-meditaed negative regulation signaling pathways might not significantly suppress host immunity against chlamydial infection in lower genital tract.