IL1R1 and viral infectious disease: Having established the importance of IL-1α in mediating signals via the IL-1R1 for the induction of smoke-induced inflammation, and given the role that resident cells of the smoke-exposed lung were shown to play in the response to viral mimic, we sought next to assess if these mechanisms underlie the exacerbated inflammatory response observed following viral infection in vivo[19], [20], [21], [22].