SOCS1 and tuberculosis: In TB patients, anti-TB drug treatment and killing of the tubercle bacilli results in a specific increase of Th1-type immune modulators (range of 3- to 14-fold) and decrease of mediators (including Socs1) that impair Th1-type immunity (range of 3- to 1,000-fold) following 15 or more days of treatment [43].