We describe the current level of metabolic control in children and adolescents attending the pediatric endocrine clinic at King Abdul-Aziz University (KAAU) Hospital and the impact of different factors such as age, pubertal stage, gender, duration of diabetes, insulin regimen, family diabetes education, and physical exercise on the metabolic control of T1DM pediatric patients in our population. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.