To define the temporal functions of type I IFN signaling in the context of infection by WNV, we utilized a previously reported blocking anti-IFNAR monoclonal antibody (MAb MAR1-5A3), which prevented type I IFN-induced intracellular signaling in vitro, was non-cell-depleting, and inhibited antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor responses in mice [23]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNAR1 and infection.