STAT1 and infection: Although they bind to distinct membrane receptors, both type I and type III IFNs induce antiviral signaling by way of activation of STAT1 and STAT2.26, 27 We tested the ability of V proteins to counteract the HCV-inhibitory effects of IFN-β and type III IFNs, IL-28A, and IL-29 using the JC1G reporter virus to measure productive infection of HFLC (Fig. 7).