However, only Hsp10, Hsp40, and Hsp60 levels were increased in the bronchial epithelium of severe/very severe COPD compared to control non-smokers (Mann Whitney: p = 0.007, 0.020, and 0.006, respectively) (Figures 1 and 2). This evidence concerns the gene HSPE1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.