This included CD4+CD25+FoxP3+, CD8+CD25+FoxP3+, CD4+TGFβ+ and CD4+IL10+ Treg and it was most likely an effect of HIV infection, which is in agreement with previous findings in non-pregnant HIV-infected adults [6], [8], [44], [45]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and HIV infectious disease.