Recently, Upadhyay and colleagues showed that Sca-1 inhibited TGF-β signaling by disrupting the heterodimerization of the TGF-β receptors and repressing expression of Gfd10, a TGF-β ligand, in a mammary adenocarcinoma cell line induced by medroxyprogestrone (MP) and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) [26]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is breast adenocarcinoma.