Using this strategy, we found that specific ablation of EpCAM is associated with a two-fold or greater reduction in AP-1 transcription factor activity in MDA-231 breast cancer cells at baseline (Figure 4a), or in the presence of EGF, or PMA, which are known to induce AP-1 activity [39] (Figure 4b). The gene discussed is JUN; the disease is breast carcinoma.