Cheung and collaborators showed that after removal of PTB in glioma cell lines where the PTB paralog nPTB/PTBP2 is also expressed, a single gene RTN4 had enhanced inclusion of exon 3 and this isoform decreased cell proliferation, migration, and adherence to a similar degree as the removal of PTB [83]. The gene discussed is PTBP1; the disease is glioma.