The level of kisspeptin-LI detected in myocardium of right atria from control hearts (n = 4) was not different from that in myocardium from patients transplanted for dilated cardiomyopathy but there was a significant reduction in myocardium from right atria of patients transplanted for ischaemic heart disease (P<0.05, ANOVA). The gene discussed is KISS1; the disease is dilated cardiomyopathy.