The predictive value of elevated IL-18 levels in critically ill patients was assessed in a nested case-control study within the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network trial (median urine IL-18 was 104 pg/mL at 24 hours in the AKI group versus 0 pg/mL in the group without AKI) [66]. The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.