A later study in 91 children undergoing cardiac catheterization and angiography found that in the 12% of patients who developed CIN, plasma and urine NGAL levels were excellent predictors of AKI within 2 hours of contrast administration (within 2 hours of contrast administration, urine NGAL was >10-fold higher, and serum NGAL was >4-fold higher in the CIN group than the non-CIN group) [41]. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and acute kidney injury.