In a 2008 study, 635 adult patients admitted to a hospital each had a single urine NGAL measurement made upon arrival to the emergency department, and NGAL levels were shown not only to correlate with the development of AKI but also predict a composite endpoint of nephrology consultation, dialysis, ICU admission, or mortality with an odds ratio of 24.71 [56]. Here, LCN2 is linked to acute kidney injury.