TNF and myeloid sarcoma: In 2007, a cooperative study involving the Italian researchers and colleagues in Philadelphia, examined the regulation of ERVWE1 in astrocyte cell cultures, showing that cytokines known to play significant roles in the inflammatory process of MS, such as TNFα, interferon-γ, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, activated the ERVWE1 promoter, while interferon-β, the therapeutic drug of proven efficacy in acute relapsing pattern MS, was inhibitory [40].