TNF and colitis: Furthermore, in mouse model of colitis, rmMFG-E8 was injected intravenously before the onset of colitis and prolonged throughout the disease course as post treatment [31] However, in an in vitro system to reveal the indirect anti-inflammatory roles of rmMFG-E8 via accelerating the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, rmMFG-E8 was added to the co-culture (apoptotic cells and phagocytes) as pre-treatment regimen and then the LPS-stimulated TNF-α production was measured [34].