MYD88 and infection: Furthermore, we compared miRNA transcriptional regulation upon infection of MyD88−/− and WT BMDMs and found that pri-miR-125a upregulation was significantly decreased in infected MyD88−/− BMDM (Figure 2A) suggesting that MyD88 signalling is also required for the upregulation of the primary transcript upon infection, most likely upon immediate recognition of Listeria PAMPs extracellularly or in the phagosomal vacuole.