To accurately identify the host pathways potentially involved in regulation of Listeria-induced miRNAs, we directly compared primary macrophages deficient for MyD88 (MyD88−/−), which transmits most TLR signals, or NF-κB p65 (p65MYEL KO), which transcriptionally regulates the inflammatory response upon Listeria infection, to wild type cells. Here, MYD88 is linked to listeriosis.