Biliary innate immunity is actively involved in inflammation by secreting cytokines (IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6), chemotactic cytokines (monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), inhibitory factor macrophage migration (MIF)), proinflammatory proteins, reactive oxygen species, and adhesion molecules and expression of receptors that recognize microorganisms, such as TLRs in biliary epithelium cells, which provides protection against bacterial and viral infections. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and viral infectious disease.