Taking into account their involvement in obesity and apoptosis, the aim of our study was to investigate the balance between circulating levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), leptin, and adiponectin, and PED/PEA-15 protein abundance, in both lean and overweight/obese (o/o) women with PCOS. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.